Monday, December 23, 2013

Brutalism and interior architecture



Brutalism’s elemental appeal

Michael Bogle

The term ‘Brutalism’ or ‘New Brutalism’ was coined in the mid-1950s in the office of British architects Alison and Peter Smithson. The Smithsons claim the expression was invented as an ironic retort to the UK Architectural Review’s journalistic phrase-making with terms such as ‘New Monumentalism’, ‘New Empiricism’ and the like.[1]

Alison and Peter Smithson believed in “… an urbanism in which functionally compatible buildings, like the components of a tea set, would acquire a kind of neutrality and family likeness with the space between them becoming the collective of the spaces that each of the buildings carries with it”.[2] They were certain that architecture could address social and cultural problems and solve them with design.

Writing in the 1950s, Reyner Banham said that “The New Brutalism eludes precise description, while remaining a living force in contemporary British architecture.”[3] With obligatory Le Corbusier references, Banham then offered an outline of Brutalism’s principal design attributes. Drawing on the built examples in 1955, Banham identifies several elements that were to remain constant in later decades, and in particular, four defining characteristics of Brutalist architecture programmes:

1. Formal, axial plans (a formal legibility of plan);
2. An emphasis on basic structure (a clear exhibition of structure);
3. Candidly expressed materials and finishes (materials “as found” or “off-form”);
4. Predominantly concrete, but integrating glass, brick and timber,[4]


Was it different in Australia?

The Encyclopaedia of Australian Architecture acknowledges the Smithson’s ethical framework and accepts Banham’s working definition for Australian Brutalist Brutalist work.[5] Marshall Clifton and Tony Brand’s 1961 Hale School Memorial Hall in Perth is cited as one of the Australia’s earliest civic or commercial-scale Brutalist buildings. Although the raw concrete has now been painted, the Memorial Hall has the elements that Banham described in 1955.

The New South Wales approach

When formal Brutalist architecture began to appear in New South Wales in the 1960s, they were expressions of new concrete building methodologies and styles, rather than Smithson-inspired philosophical expressions.[6] In 1968, a spokesperson for the NSW Department of Public Works stated that “The natural finishes of [Brutalist] Hornsby Technical College were selected not because of any fashion for “Brut” concrete, but because years of school and college maintenance has shown the Government Architect the value of upkeep-free materials.”[7] While largely theoretically bereft, a number of singular innovations were introduced by New South Wales architects.

Light

Unlike Britain’s northern hemisphere where natural light is welcomed, Australian sunlight is an important element to control. Examples of innovative New South Wales’ Brutalist light control measures include:

·       the precast ‘sun visors’ of the Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board building (McConnel, Smith and Johnson, 1966);
·       the narrow lancet-like windows and partly cantilevered entrance porch roof of the Readers Digest Building (John James and Associates, 1967);
·       the excavated site and deeply recessed horizontal strip windows of the Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia building (Enrico Taglietti, 1968);
·       the panoply of  louvres and ‘sun visors’ of the William Balmain Teachers College (now the  UTS campus, Ku-ring-gai) (NSW Government Architect, 1971); and
·       the exaggerated projecting eaves and reductive glazing of the windows of the Dixon Library, University of New England (NSW Government Architect, 1973).

Scale

Brutalist commercial and civic buildings are generally large-scale buildings that consistently use outsized and frankly expressed building elements. Among the earliest Brutalist buildings in New South Wales to candidly express these exaggerated building elements are Goldstein Hall residential college, at the University of NSW (NSW Government Architect, 1965) and Randwick Girls High School (NSW Government Architect, 1966).

The lure of exaggerated scale in civic building continued with the Brutalist-inspired planning by the late Walter Abraham at the Macquarie University campus. The Macquarie University Library (NSW Government Architect, 1967), the original Teaching Block (Stafford, Moore and Farrington, 1967) and the Macquarie University Student Union Building (Ancher, Mortlock, Murray and Woolley, 1970) are notable Brutalist works. Assisted by the load-bearing capabilities of reinforced concrete, these buildings also provided opportunities for monumental interior spaces.

Interior architecture

In many of the New South Wales Brutalist buildings, the interior architecture often include large-scale ceremonial spaces. Design emphasis is often placed on processional entrances and often cavernous, internal reception areas. This interior architecture can be found in many of the Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs (EMTB) buildings including the Warringah Shire Council’s Civic Centre (1973), the High Court (1980) and the National Gallery of Australia (1982), Canberra; the Masonic Centre (Joseland, Gilling and Associates with T.W. Hodgson and Sons, 1978); the Sydney Police Centre (NSW Government Architect, Richard Dinham, design architect,  1978) and other many works.

Landscape

In New South Wales, landscape design features in a number of Brutalist commissions, especially when greenfield sites allowed planning to retain or re-introduce native plantings. Bruce Rickard, Alan Correy, Bruce Mackenzie and others advocated the use of indigenous vegetation in their landscape architecture. Citing only a few designers and landscape commissions, Mackenzie developed the William Balmain Teachers College, Ku-ring-gai programme; Richard Clough developed the Macquarie University scheme; and Harry Howard and Associates was responsible for the initial landscaping of EMTB’s High Court Building and the adjacent National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.[8]

Conclusion

The regional variant of New South Wales Brutalism in commercial-scale building incorporates all of the physical elements of the British Brutalist architecture but makes significant additions to the style and methodology of Brutalism in light control, plan development, interior architecture and landscape.[9] When a thorough history of Australian Brutalism is written, the role of the engineer in the 1950s innovations in concrete such as precast parabolic arches, the brise-soleil, lift-slab construction and the massive scale on-site off-form concrete vaulting and finishes of the Sydney Opera House interiors must be considered as part of its legacy.

Reproduced from Michael Bogle. "Beauty of the Beast." Architecture Bulletin, AIA NSW. March/April 2012, pp.10-11. (Illustrated).

References

Anon. “Technical College.” Constructional Review, March, 1968.
Banham, Reyner. “The New Brutalism.” The Architectural Review, December, 1955, pps.355-361.
Banham, Reyner. The New Brutalism. Ethic or Aesthetic? Architectural Press, 1966.
Bevan, Robert. “A Quandry of Age.” Australian Financial Review, 2 July 2009.
Encyclopaedia of 20th Century Architecture. R.S. Sennet, editor. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004, v.1.
Encyclopaedia of Modern Architecture. Gerd Hatje, editor. Thames and Hudson, 1965.
Fletcher Bannister. “The New Humanism.” A History of Architecture. 20th edition, Architectural Press, RIBA, 1996.
Grose, James. “Is the Australian National Gallery a significant building?” Architecture Bulletin, 3/1985, pps.8-9.
Howard, Harry. “Landscaping of the High Court of Australia and the Australian National Gallery.”  Landscape Australia. 3/82, August, 1982.
Lewis, Miles. 200 Years of Concrete in Australia. Concrete Institute of Australia, 1988.
Oxford Companion to Architecture, Vol.1. Patrick Goode, ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. J. Fleming and H. Howard, editors. 5th ed., 2000.
Rollo, Joe. Concrete Poetry. Concrete Architecture in Australia. Cement, Concrete and Aggregates Australia, 2004.
Scalbert, Irenee. “The Smithsons and the Economist Building Plaza” in Architecture is not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter Smithson. Architectural Association, 2005, p,24.
Smithson, A.M. The Charged Void. Architecture. Alison and Peter Smithson. Monacelli Press, NY, 2001.
Smithson, Alison, and Peter Smithson. Without Rhetoric. An Architectural Aesthetic 1955-1972, Latimer New Dimensions, 1973.
van der Heuvel, Dirk. “Recolonising the Modern. Robin Hood Gardens today.” In Architecture is not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter Smithson. Architectural Association, 2005.
World Atlas of Architecture. [translation of Le Grand Atlas de L’Architecture Mondial, 1984]. Crescent Books, 1984.


Buildings cited

·       Hale School Memorial Hall, Perth. 1961 Marshall Clifton and Tony Brand
·       Goldstein Hall residential college, UNSW. 1965, NSW Government Architect
·       Randwick Girls High School. 1966, NSW Government Architect
·       Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board building. 1966, McConnel, Smith and Johnson
·       Macquarie University Library. 1967, NSW Government Architect
·       Readers Digest Building. 1967, John James and Associates
·       Hornsby Technical College. 1968, NSW Department of Public Works
·       Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia building. 1968, Enrico Taglietti
·       William Balmain Teachers College (now UTS campus, Ku-ring-gai. 1971, NSW Government Architect
·       Macquarie University Student Union Building. 1970, Ancher, Mortlock, Murray and Woolley
·       Sydney Opera House interiors. 1973, Joern Utzon, Peter Hall
·       Dixon Library, University of New England. 1973, NSW Government Architect
·       Warringah Shire Council Civic Centre and Library. 1973, Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs
·       Masonic Centre. 1978, Joseland, Gilling and Associates with T.W. Hodgson and Sons
·       Sydney Police Centre. 1978, NSW Government Architect
·       National Gallery of Australia (1982) and National Gallery, Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs


Footnotes




[1] “On Brutalism.” Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson. Without Rhetoric. An Architectural Aesthetic 1955-1972, Latimer New Dimensions, 1973, p.2, p.6.
[2] Irenee Scalbert, “The Smithsons and the Economist Building Plaza” in Architecture is not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter Smithson. Architectural Association, 2005, p.24. See also Alison Smithson and Peter Smithson. Without Rhetoric. An Architectural Aesthetic 1955-1972, Latimer New Dimensions, 1973, p.6. “It is […] this respect for materials,” Alison Smithson writes,  “a realisation of the affinity which can be established between building and man, which was at the root of our way of seeing and thinking about things that we called ‘New Brutalism’.”
[3] Reyner Banham. “The New Brutalism.” Architectural Review, December, 1955, pps.355-361.
[4] Reyner Banham. “The New Brutalism.” Architectural Review, December, 1955, p.357. These issues are expanded in his 1966 book The New Brutalism. Architectural Press, 1966.
[5] Geoffrey London. “Brutalism.” The Encyclopaedia of Australian Architecture, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p.110.
[6] The notable exceptions were the dense Pythagorean maxims of Colin Madigan of Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs and the informal “Manifesto of Natural Materialism” developed by some of the architects in the NSW Government Architect’s office. For “Natural Materialism”, see Michael Bogle’s interview with Michael Dysart. 14 June 2011 (NSW AIA files).
[7] “Technical College.” Constructional Review, March, 1968, pps.14-17. The Government Architect’s office in the Dept of Public Works was the primary proponent of Brutalism in NSW.
[8] Harry Howard. “Landscaping of the High Court of Australia and the Australian National Gallery.”  Landscape Australia. 3/82, August, 1982, pps.208-215.
[9] “[The Smithsons’] Robin Hood Gardens [housing commission] went down in history as an utter failure. It was horrifically vandalised by its residents and it spelled the end of the designers’ international status as star architects. The Smithsons’ greatest mistake may have been their exaggerated and possibly naïve confidence in the capacity of architecture to provide a solution to social problems. “Dirk van der Heuvel. “Recolonising the Modern. Robin Hood Gardens today.” In Architecture is not made with the Brain. The Labour of Alison and Peter Smithson. Architectural Association, 2005, pps.32-37.


Sunday, December 22, 2013

Review of architecture media. 1955-1987 “BRUTALISM” IN THE ARCHITECTURE MEDIA IN NEW SOUTH WALES."


Michael Bogle, 2nd ed.  Revised 12 December 2011. Developed from photocopy file in AIA Offices, Sydney.


ASPECTS OF “BRUTALISM” IN THE ARCHITECTURE MEDIA
IN NEW SOUTH WALES

DATE OF MEDIA 
CLIENT
BLDG AND LOCATION
INNOVATION
ARCHITECTURE FIRM
DESIGNATED ARCHITECT
ENGINEER
1955
religious
St Bernards Catholic Church, Botany
Precast parabolic arches with hollow concrete beam infill
Curtin, Kevin J.
Curtin, Kevin J.
Crooks, Michelle and Peacock
1956
commercial
Exhibition Pavillion, France, Sydney Showgrounds
Precast brise-soleil over louvres
Trenchard, Smith, Maisey and Morgan
Not identified
H.R. Smith and Lacelles
1957
commercial
Hotel International, Potts Point
Lift slab
McDonald, Kenneth and Associates
Not identified
Not identified
1957
education
University of Technology, Kensington (UNSW), laboratory bldg
Precast floor units, aggregate concrete panel facade
NSW Govt Architect
Not identified
Not identified
1957
commercial
Amalgamated Printing Trades Employees Union
Precast concrete louvres (brise-soleil)
Seidler, Harry
Seidler, Harry
P.O. Miller
1957
religious
North Shore Hebrew Congregation
Precast wall panels with façade finish in terra-cotta chips in white cement, concrete grillwork (brise-soleil)
Oser, H.P. and
Associates
Mugdan, R.F., as project associate
P.O. Miller and A.K. Milston
1957
commercial
Grace Bros., Parramatta
Concrete frame, floors, roofing slabs (monumental façade in Brutalist scale)
Bunning and Madden
Not identified
Crooks, Mitchell and Peacock
1957
commercial
Behr-Manning Australia, Lidcombe
Lift slab (described in Const. Rev., May 1957, pps.22-25 as “Australia’s First Lift Slab Bldg”.
Lement, Niblett and Daubney
Not identified
Woolacott, Hale and Bond
1957-1973
Opera house
Sydney Opera House interiors
Massive scale ribbed vaulting in public areas
Jorn Utzon
Jorn Jutzon, Hall, Todd and Littlemore
Ove Arup and Partners
1958
residential
Domed house at Pittwater
Fibreglass dome atop concrete and masonry circular forms
Muller, Peter
Muller, Peter
Not identified
1959
Local government
Civic Centre, Orange
Massive circular form for Council meeting chamber
Edwards, Madigan and Torzillo
Not identified
Not identified
1959
religious
St Margarets Hospital Chapel
Tilt-slab, precast concrete panels with white quartz decorative aggregate
NSW Dept of Public Works also identified as NSW Govt Architect
Browe, Burrows and Turner. NB: Const. Rev., April, 1959, p.37 states that bldg designed by NSW Govt Architect
P.O. Miller, Milston and Ferris
1959
religious
Methodist Church, Caringbah
Precast portal arches with brise-soleil façade to one side
Loder and Dunphy
Not identified
J.P. Hallett
1960
religious
Unidentified church, Gosford
Pleated precast panels on a single side of skillion-roofed church
Loder and Dunphy
Not identified
Not identified
1961
commercial
CIBA-Geigy office and warehouse, Lane Cove
Large scale barrel vault poured in formwork, white quartz surface on interior of vaults
Seidler, Harry
Seidler, Harry
P.O.Miller, Milston and Ferris
1961
commercial
Kalamazoo House, North Sydney
“torsion box” columns and twisted structure appearance, white marble plaster in white cement used on exterior face walls
Minnett, R.V., and Cullis-Hill, Petersen and Powell
Not identified
M.G. Bull
1963
Local government
Woollahra Council works depot, Double Bay
Folded (pleated) plate roof plan,
Not identified
Not identified
Not identified
1963
commercial
Abbott Laboratories, Kurnell
Decorative or sculptural bas-relief face panels
Stafford, Moore and Farrington
Not identified
Not identified
1963
commercial
Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Frenchs Forest
Decorative or sculptural bas-relief mural in concrete
Brown, Brewer and Gregory
Not identified
Not identified
1964
commercial
RSL Club, Granville
Concrete shell roof plan in massive scale, constructed in formwork
Fox, Frank R., and Associates (A.B. Snodgrass, Alan Gilbert, Ron Devine, Bert Read, Peter Compagnoni)
Not identified
P.O. Miller, Milston and Ferris
1965
residential
Port Hacking residence
Monumental cantilevered terrace/balcony, infill in besser blocks
Seidler, Harry, and Associates
Not identified
Miller, Milston and Ferris
1965
education
Goldstein Hall
Brutalist-scale and expressed structure
NSW Govt Architect
Not identified
Not identified
1966
NSW government
Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board
Brutalist-scale and expressed structure in 23+ storey bldg in precast façade panels with granite aggregate, “sun-visor” façade
McConnel, Smith and Johnson
Not identified
Woolacott, Hale, Bond and Corlett
1966
religious
Jewish Community Centre, Darlinghurst
Brutalist-scale sculptural  façade and expressed structure. Façade by Lyndon Dadswell
Epstein, H.
Not identified
Stanley, Llewellyn and Whitten
1966
education
Randwick Girls High School, Randwick
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure



1967
NSW government
Housing Commission Flats, Rosebery
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form surfaces on exterior
Seidler, Harry, and Associates
Not identified
Miller, Milston and Ferris
1967
education
Macquarie University, library
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, smooth finish and off-form finishes, zone planning for site by Walter  Abraham
NSW Govt Architect
Hall, Peter [?]
Taylor-Thomson & Whiting
1967
education
Macquarie University, original teaching block/administration
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, smooth finish and off-form finishes, zone planning for site by Walter  Abraham
Stafford, Moore and Farrington

Woolacott, Hale, Bond and Carlett
1967
commercial
Readers Digest, Surry Hills
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, range of concrete finishes in interior and exterior incl. off-form, white cement, light sand on exterior
James, John, and Associates
James, John
Docker and Smith
1967
commercial
Dee Why RSL
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure combined with green concrete brick, pre-formed cellular concrete ceiling
Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Partners
Not identified
P.O.Miller, Milston and Ferris
1968
Local government
Bath pavilion, Balmoral Beach
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure
Woodward, Tarannto and Wallace
Not identified
F.S. Hespe
1968
education
Hornsby Technical College, Hornsby
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form finishes mingled  with brown brick, cantilevered access balconies[1]
NSW Govt Architect
Collard, Clarke and Jackson identified as “joint architects”
Rankine and Hill
1968
residential
Harry and Penelope Seidler
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form finishes, cantilevered balconies
Seidler, Harry and Penelope
Seidler, Harry and Penelope
P.O. Miller, Milston and Ferris
1968
commercial
Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia
Brutalism on a small scale, off-form concrete finishes mingled with brick, constructed below grade
Taglietti, Enrico
Taglietti, Enrico
K. Sellick and Associates
1970
Local government
Parking garage, Ultimo
Brutalist on an interior scale, waffle-slab with cells 15 inches deep, set on precast mushroom capital  columns
Not identified, perhaps not used.
Designed by engineers [?]
P.O. Miller, Millston and Ferris
1970
education
Macquarie University, Union Bldg
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form finishes, cantilevered balconies, waffle-slab ceilings
Ancher, Mortlock, Murray and Woolley
Mortlock, Bryce and Ken Woolley “in collaboration”
Taylor, Thomson and Whitting
1970
NSW government
Wollongong Courthouse
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form and bush-hammered finishes
NSW Govt Architect
Not identified
Not identified
1971
education
Wm Balmain Teachers College, Kuringai
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, off-form and bush-hammered finishes, brick masonry infill
NSW Govt Architect
Turner, David with Bruce Mackenzie and Associates, landscape architects
Taylor, Thomson and Whitting
1971
commercial
Commonwealth Bank Stores Bldg, Annandale
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, modified tilt-slab construction that splits the slab after it is mounted; exposing aggregate in ribbed pattern
Clarke, Gazzard
Not identified
Woolacott, Hale, Corlett and Jumkis
1971
education
Sir John Clancy Auditorium, UNSW
Brutalist-scale concrete in prismatic form, off-form finishes with smooth finished in interior
Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis and Maclurcan
Holmwood, M.S.
Woolacott, Hale, Corlett and Jumkis
1972
education
Bankstown Technical College, Bankstown
Brutalist-scale concrete and expressed structure, masonry infill
NSW Govt Architect


1972
residential
Hugh Buhrich House Castlecrag
Off-form concrete, brutalist scale in selected elements
Hugh Buhrich


1972
Commonwealth Govt
Campbell Park Offices, Canberra
Brutalist scale, hammered nib finishes
Dept of Works, Canberra,
T.J. Hirsch and W. Adamson
Rankine & Hill
1972
education
Sir John Clancy Auditorium
Brutalist scale, prismatic form, off-form with delineated scoring from boards
Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis and Maclurcan
O.R. Jarvis
Woolacott, Hale, Corlett and Jumikis
1973
education
Dixon Library, Univ of New England (UNE)
Brutalist scale, precast panels, projecting eaves over horizontal strip windows
NSW Govt Architect


1973
Local government
Civic Centre, Warringah Shire Council
Brutalist scale, precast concrete piers support, waffle-coffered slabs, bush-hammered, coarse aggregate finishes, massive internal ramps
Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs, landscape architect Bruce Mackenzie and Associates

Miller, Milston and Ferris
1973
commercial
Commercial Banking Centre, St Leonards,
Moderate scale concrete, light corrugations in precast panels, waffle-slab detailing, curvilinear geometry
Kerr and Smith

Morrison and Little
1973
education
Riverview, St Ignatius College
Brutalist scale, cantilevered external stairs, balconies, projecting eaves over windows, off-form concrete, precast
Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis and Maclurcan

Cinquefoil Consulting Engineeers
1973
commercial
Harry Seidler and Associates office bldg
Urban scale, precast panels with on-site pour, off-form finishes, brise-soleil louvres, internal Nervi-designed ceiling beams



1973
education
Science Bldg, UNSW
Brutalist scale, precast concrete, off-form finishes, plaza furniture in concrete
Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis and Maclurcan


1973
Local government
Civic Centre, Willoughby Council
Brutalist scale, monumental columns, precast concrete, sand-blast finish
Crooks, Mitchell, Peacock and Stewart

Crooks, Mitchell, Peacock and Stewart
1974
various
North Narrabeen school
Two large-scale shells adjoining
Dante Bini & NSW Govt Architect


1974
education
Sciences Bldg, UNSW
Brutalist scale, precast concrete, off-form finishes, plaza furniture in concrete
Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis and Maclurcan

Woolacott, Hale, Corlett and Jumikis
1974
Commonwealth Govt
Campbell Park Offices, Canberra
Brutalist scale, hammered nib finishes with coarse aggregate
Dept of Works, Canberra,
T.J. Hirsch and W. Adamson
Rankine & Hill
1976
education
School of Music, Canberra
Brutalist scale, off-form finishes, floors in ribbed slab
Daryl Jackson, Evan Walker Architects
Bill Ryan and John Wilson
Irwin, Johnston and Partners
1976
commercial
Torin Corporation, Penrith
Brutalist scale in split-face concrete brick, sun-visors, abstract massing
Marcel Breuer and Herbet Beckhard, landscape architect Bruce Rickard
Marcel Breuer
Murray W. Low
1977
education
Woden TAFE, Woden, ACT
Brutalist scale, strongly expressed structure and articulated roof support system in concrete
John Andrews International

D.S. Thomas, Ove Arup and Partners
1977
education
William Balmain Teachers College, Lindfield (now UTS campus)
Brutalist scale, off-form concrete, strongly expressed geometric forms incl. multi-storey round tower
NSW Govt Architect
David Turner
Taylor, Thompson and Whitting
1978
Civic organisation
Masonic Centre, Sydney
Brutalist scale, off-form concrete with bush-hammering to selected areas, immense internal volume foyer (3 levels)
Joseland, Gilling and Associates with T.W. Hodgson and Sons

Rankine and Hill
1978
residential
Sirius, The Rocks, Sydney
Off-form concrete, coarse aggregate, but not Brutalist scale
Housing Commission of NSW
Tao Golfers

1978
NSW Police Centre
Sydney Police Centre, Surry Hills
Brutalist scale, expressed structure, range of concrete finishes
NSW Govt Architect
Richard Dinham
Not identified
1980
education
Alexander Mackie College, Oatley
Brutalist scale, use of brise-soleil, off-form finishes, ribbed slabs, multi-storey round stair tower
NSW Govt Architect, landscape architecture Bruce Mackenzie and Associates
Colin Still, project architect; Les Reedman, principal architect; with Rice and Daubney
Longworth and McKenzie
1980
Commonwealth government
Commonwealth High Court, Canberra
Brutalist scale, off-form finishes and other finishes used selctively
Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs
Chris Kringas, Feiko Bouman, Rod Lawrence, Michael Rolfe, Peter Simmonds
Miller, Milston and Ferris
1980
residential
Curry House, Bayview
Brutalist scale piers, beams and balustrades, sand-blasted finishes, combined with open plan
Bruce Rickard
Bruce Rickard
Maryon, Taylor, Brown
1981
education
Alexander Mackie College of Advanced Education, Oatley
Brutalist scale, off form and ribbed finishes, brise-soleil louvres, cantilevered internal stair
NSW Govt Architect
Colin Still, L. Reedman
B. Applebey
1982
Commonwealth government
National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
Brutalist scale, off-form and bush-hammered finishes, coarse aggregate, internal  and external ramps
Edwards, Madigan, Torzillo and Briggs
Colin Madigan
Miller, Milston and Ferris
1982
residential
Bland residence, Rose Bay
Massive supporting piers, cantilevered stair, split block internal finishes



1985
Commonwealth government
Parking garage, Cowper Wharf Road, Woolloomooloo
Massive scale with circular stair tower and vehicle ramps
John Andrews International

Ove Arup and Partners
1987
Commonwealth government
Natl Acoustics Lab and Ultrasonic Institute, Chatswood
Detailing of classic geometric solids, off-form concrete
Comm. Dept of Housing and Construction
Graham Nicholas, Tim Alexander, Paul Dunn, Stephen Frith, Joe Leung













[1] “The natural finished of Hornsby Technical College were selected not because of any fashion for “Brut” concrete but because years of school and college maintenance has shown the Government Architect the value of upkeep-free materials.” “Technical College.” Constructional Review, March, 1968, pps.14-17.